The small archaeological collection of Anaphe, occupying just 20 sq.m is located within the settlement of Chora. It was created after a major fire on the island in 1997 that, after burning several acres of land, (a tragic irony since the word Anaphe comes from the verb anafáinomai, meaning to appear suddenly). The then 21st Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities (today the Ephorate of the Cyclades) had launched a multi-year project of recording and collecting the scattered antiquities. The pieces in the Collection come from the ancient acropolis of the ancient city of 'Kastelli', the port for the ancient city of 'Katalymatsa'. Several marble figures in himatia have been collected, whose heads of Roman times have not survived, and a reasonably large number of ancient inscriptions. The ancient objects are temporarily exhibited in the archaeological collection and are particularly important since they illustrate the length of time the island of Anaphe has been inhabited.

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