The artistic output of Paros during antiquity is represented by elegant works of vase painting and sculpture. The exceptional quality and unique transparency of Parian marble gave momentum to the development of a pioneering school of sculpture already active in the early Archaic years. Parian 'lychnite' was sought after for the making of sculptures and temples in the great sanctuaries of Delos, Delphi, Olympia, and on the Acropolis of Athens. It became a gift from the Gods in the hands of pioneering Parian sculptors in the creation of unparalleled works. The activity of the island's workshops flourished in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Well-known sculptors from Paros include Aristion, Thrasymides, Platthis, Clenis, Phidias' student Agoracritus, while Pliny also mentions the painters Arcesilas and Nicanoras.

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