Hadrian's Library in Athens served as a model for the structure of the monument's facade which consists of a central part immensely enriched by decorative elements, a Corinthian-style column row and two lateral parts of a typical neo-classical composition. The influence from Renascence buildings is more than evident.

The National Theater was built between 1895 and 1901 in plans made by the German architect Hernest Ziller. It served as the official royal theater for the King's invitees until 1908 when it was given for public use. In 1924 it was renamed and from "Royal Theater" was thereafter called "National Theater." The original internal installations for the stage facilities, the lighting and heating were among the most sophisticated of the kind for their times, designed by Viennese mechanics and constructed in Pireus' factories.

The capital for the construction of the building was almost entirely donated by Stephanos Rallis, a prominent Greek from London, as well as by other members of the Greek community there, like Korialenes and Eugenides. Donations were also given by the Public Endowment Fund, and other sources following various initiatives of King George I.

In 1970 a study by the architect M. Perrakis, for the transformation of an experimental convertible theater, was conducted and apllied.